Legal Meanings of Bal, Lakin and Aw

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• What is the fundamental function of bal?
• What chiefly distinguishes bal from thumma?
• Why must reports be distinguished from performative acts when interpreting bal?
• What outcome is stated for the formula addressed before consummation?
• How many divorces are counted in the source when the same formula is addressed after consummation?
• What is the principal Hanafi reading of “I owe one thousand, rather two thousand”?
• What alternative view does the source attribute to Imam Zufar in that admission?
• What is the central function of lakin?
• Why does lakin require coherence of the utterance?
• After an admitted loan, what may the denial in “but it was usurpation” concern?
• What if the statements on either side of lakin are unrelated?
• What can separation (fasl) of an utterance indicate?
• What is the issue in refusing a contract at one price but “ratifying” it at another?
• Which distinction between bal and lakin is sound?
• What is the primary meaning of aw?
• What is the general contrast between aw and waaw?
• What is the main issue in “this slave is free or that one”?
• In an agency instruction, what may “X or Y” authorize?
• What is the ordinary legal meaning of “Sell this slave or that one”?
• What requires attention when aw occurs under negation?
• Which two particles must be distinguished in “this woman, or this one and this one”?
• What does aw indicate in the expiation-of-oath alternatives?
• When is specification of an aw-alternative especially important?
• How do choice and ambiguity differ in the context of aw?
• What caution arises from the tashahhud example?
• What should be identified first when deriving law from these particles?
• The word bal always removes the legal effect of an earlier effective divorce declaration.
• Coherence of speech matters for a valid use of lakin.
• Aw by itself always requires both alternatives together.
• The legal consequences of aw may differ across reports, performative acts, and negation.