LessonsParticles Hatta, Ila and Ala: Scope, Limits and Legal ConsequencesQuiz

FunctionExampleLegal effect
ExtensionLand up to a wallThe boundary object is excluded
Exclusion / delimitationWashing to the elbowsThe boundary can be included
DeferralDivorce after a monthThe effect arises later

Extension carries an existing scope to a limit; exclusion narrows a potentially broader scope; deferral postpones the very occurrence of a legal effect.

This is why ila cannot be interpreted by a single mechanical rule about endpoint inclusion in all contexts.

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Three functions of ila compared

Particles Hatta, Ila and Ala: Scope, Limits and Legal Consequences

FunctionExampleLegal effect
ExtensionLand up to a wallThe boundary object is excluded
Exclusion / delimitationWashing to the elbowsThe boundary can be included
DeferralDivorce after a monthThe effect arises later

Extension carries an existing scope to a limit; exclusion narrows a potentially broader scope; deferral postpones the very occurrence of a legal effect.

This is why ila cannot be interpreted by a single mechanical rule about endpoint inclusion in all contexts.