The Indivisible Atom: Arguments, Infinite Division and Objections

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which definition matches al-jawhar al-fard in this discussion?
• What conclusion does the ideal sphere–plane proof seek?
• Which distinction underlies the main reply to the sphere proof?
• What mistake follows from equating an actual line with a merely possible line?
• What is the first contested premise in the mustard-seed–mountain argument?
• Which reply best addresses the seed–mountain comparison?
• Which step of the union–separation argument requires further proof?
• What must be established before applying the divine-power premise?
• Which conclusion does repeated imagined division not directly establish?
• Which is an example of actual rather than merely conceived division?
• What does the nonextension of a geometric point fail to establish?
• What fallacy arises from confusing indefinite divisibility with actually infinite parts?
• If a proposed positive proof fails, what necessarily follows?
• What is the appropriate meaning of al-Rāzī’s tawaqquf here?
• What is the fundamental objection to inferring atomic constituents from the rotated-radius construction of a circle?
• How should claims about classical celestial spheres be handled?
• Which pair correctly explains kharq and iltiʾām?
• How is a conclusion about the world's origination related to bodily constitution?
• Why are point and substance not interchangeable in the sphere objection?
• Which statement pinpoints the response to the mustard seed comparison?
• What is needed to move from a geometric model to a physical conclusion?
• Which pair belongs to the competing philosophical account?
• What are the core notions of the second prominent kalām proof?
• What does a point being located in a host not immediately entail?
• Which conclusion best reflects the closing evaluative stance?
• If an imagined subdivision has not been shown to occur physically, what follows for the indivisible-atom question?
• Establishing a geometric point does not by itself prove an independently subsisting physical atom.
• Indefinite potential divisibility necessarily means a body is already composed of infinitely many discrete atoms.
• Al-Rāzī’s tawaqquf can express a scholarly judgment that neither side’s evidence is conclusive.
• The classical claim that celestial spheres cannot rupture or reunite is an established law of modern astronomy.