Lessonsal-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah: Covenant, Tribal Liability and Royal Testimony — Conclusion (verses 68–82)Quiz

وَهُوَ الرَّبُّ وَالشَّهِيدُ عَلَى يَوْمِ الْحَيَارَيْنِ وَالْبَلَاءُ بَلَاءُ
Translation: And the lordly ruler is witness to the day of al-Ḥiyārayn, when the trial and severity of combat were at their height.

In this context the commentary glosses al-rabb as al-malik, “the ruler,” identifying the referent as ʿAmr ibn Hind. It should not be detached from that local gloss and automatically taken as a direct divine name here. Al-shahīd means witness, and yawm al-Ḥiyārayn names the day of a particular conflict.

The reiterated al-balāʾu balāʾ emphasises the ordeal. The poem ends by anchoring its history of tribal service to the ruler before whom the case is made.

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Verse 82: The king as witness at the close

al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah: Covenant, Tribal Liability and Royal Testimony — Conclusion (verses 68–82)

وَهُوَ الرَّبُّ وَالشَّهِيدُ عَلَى يَوْمِ الْحَيَارَيْنِ وَالْبَلَاءُ بَلَاءُ
Translation: And the lordly ruler is witness to the day of al-Ḥiyārayn, when the trial and severity of combat were at their height.

In this context the commentary glosses al-rabb as al-malik, “the ruler,” identifying the referent as ʿAmr ibn Hind. It should not be detached from that local gloss and automatically taken as a direct divine name here. Al-shahīd means witness, and yawm al-Ḥiyārayn names the day of a particular conflict.

The reiterated al-balāʾu balāʾ emphasises the ordeal. The poem ends by anchoring its history of tribal service to the ruler before whom the case is made.