Mistake 1: Every indirect meaning is majāz. Correction: Kināyah is also possible when no clue excludes the literal sense.
Mistake 2: Kināyah can have no clue at all. Correction: A clue may guide us toward the associated sense without ruling out the literal one.
Mistake 3: Kināyah must be the actual sum of two jointly intended meanings. Correction: The concomitant is intended, and intention of the antecedent is permitted rather than required.
Mistake 4: Simile and istiʿārah are identical. Correction: Some metaphors grow out of simile, but the two have distinguishable forms and rules.