Core rule: If a word conveys a connected sense and a clue excludes intention of the original assigned sense, the use is majāz. If the allusive concomitant is intended but the original literal sense remains possible, the use is kināyah.
Important refinement: Allowing literal intention in kināyah does not require two actually intended senses in every occurrence. Accordingly, majāz and kināyah are not literally constituent and whole in their definitions.
The three principal subjects of bayān are simile, figurative expression, and allusion. Some types of istiʿārah depend on a prior comparison, so the next lesson begins the separate, detailed treatment of simile and its component structure.