LessonsDefining Majāz and Kināyah: Excluding Clues and the Transition to SimileQuiz

إن قامت قرينة على عدم إرادته
If a contextual clue indicates that its assigned sense is not intended.

The pronoun refers to mā wuḍiʿa lah—the word's original assigned meaning. In majāz, a clue is present that excludes intending this literal meaning on the occasion of use. This is the qarīnah māniʿah, an excluding contextual indicator.

In “raʾaytu asadan yakhṭubu al-nās” (“I saw a lion addressing people”), the reference to public speaking, given a context about a brave orator, directs the listener toward a human being. The word still has “lion” as its lexical sense, but the actual animal is not the intended referent.

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The decisive condition for majāz

Defining Majāz and Kināyah: Excluding Clues and the Transition to Simile

إن قامت قرينة على عدم إرادته
If a contextual clue indicates that its assigned sense is not intended.

The pronoun refers to mā wuḍiʿa lah—the word's original assigned meaning. In majāz, a clue is present that excludes intending this literal meaning on the occasion of use. This is the qarīnah māniʿah, an excluding contextual indicator.

In “raʾaytu asadan yakhṭubu al-nās” (“I saw a lion addressing people”), the reference to public speaking, given a context about a brave orator, directs the listener toward a human being. The word still has “lion” as its lexical sense, but the actual animal is not the intended referent.