LessonsDefining Majāz and Kināyah: Excluding Clues and the Transition to SimileQuiz

An excluding clue does not erase a word's lexical assignment. Rather, it prevents intending that literal sense in the specific utterance. The distinction between language convention and an individual use therefore remains intact.

Verbal clue: “The lion delivered an eloquent public speech” can refer to a human orator; the speaking context indicates the shift.
Situational clue: Pointing to a courageous soldier and saying, “He is a lion,” while the man is visibly present.

In each case a clue may arise from the utterance itself or from the surrounding situation. The analysis must identify the lexical sense, the intended sense, and the operative clue separately.

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What the excluding clue actually does

Defining Majāz and Kināyah: Excluding Clues and the Transition to Simile

An excluding clue does not erase a word's lexical assignment. Rather, it prevents intending that literal sense in the specific utterance. The distinction between language convention and an individual use therefore remains intact.

Verbal clue: “The lion delivered an eloquent public speech” can refer to a human orator; the speaking context indicates the shift.
Situational clue: Pointing to a courageous soldier and saying, “He is a lion,” while the man is visibly present.

In each case a clue may arise from the utterance itself or from the surrounding situation. The analysis must identify the lexical sense, the intended sense, and the operative clue separately.