الأخذ اللفظي والمعنوي وحسن النظم
Verbal and conceptual borrowing and the structure of discourse.
CategoryDecision question
Naskh / intihālIs wording and order substantially retained?
Ighārah / maskhAre words reorganized or partially taken?
Ilmām / salkhIs the idea restated in new words?
IqtibāsIs scriptural or Prophetic wording integrated?
TaḍmīnIs another poet’s verse incorporated?
ʿAqd / ḥallWas prose versified, or verse prosified?
TalmīḥDoes the text allude to a known narrative or proverb?
Keep textual classification distinct from the historical claim of actual appropriation.