CategoryDefining feature
Naskh and intihālAppropriating a whole composition or its wording and arrangement
Ighārah and maskhVerbal taking with rearrangement or selective retention
Shared themeCommon subject matter alone; no borrowing necessarily shown
The diagnostic rule is to examine borrowed wording, its organization and the common thought separately. Two poems can praise generosity independently; two poems can also share a distinctive phrase without constituting full copying.
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Ighārah and Maskh: Recasting Verse, Eloquence and Literary Appraisal
CategoryDefining feature
Naskh and intihālAppropriating a whole composition or its wording and arrangement
Ighārah and maskhVerbal taking with rearrangement or selective retention
Shared themeCommon subject matter alone; no borrowing necessarily shown
The diagnostic rule is to examine borrowed wording, its organization and the common thought separately. Two poems can praise generosity independently; two poems can also share a distinctive phrase without constituting full copying.