Ighārah and Maskh: Recasting Verse, Eloquence and Literary Appraisal

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which two forms of verbal taking define ighārah and maskh?
• What does nazm chiefly mean in this discussion?
• When is the later poetic recasting praised?
• Which feature best represents ḥusn al-sabk?
• When does concision genuinely count as a merit?
• What improvement belongs to īḍāḥ?
• What is meant by ziyādat al-maʿnā?
• What is asserted by Bashshār’s “man rāqaba al-nās lam yaẓfar bi-ḥājatihi”?
• Which expression replaces “lam yaẓfar bi-ḥājatihi” in Sallām’s version?
• What is a principal merit of Sallām’s “al-jasūr”?
• Why is Sallām’s treatment favored in the comparison?
• What follows if the later verse equals the original in eloquence?
• When is the new version judged inferior?
• What is the central idea of “hayhāt lā yaʾtī al-zamān bi-mithlihi”?
• What does time’s miserliness signify in Abū Tammām’s verse?
• What does “aʿdā” convey in “aʿdā al-zamān sakhāʾuhu”?
• What issue can arise in interpreting “wa-laqad yakūnu bihi al-zamān bakhīlā”?
• What motivates Ibn Fūrajah’s objection?
• What must be respected when interpreting “yakūnu”?
• When might time be described as both generous and miserly coherently?
• How are poetic merit and correctness of a particular interpretation related?
• Why distinguish the first and second questions of borrowing criticism?
• Why are good composition, concision and clarity not identical?
• If an important qualifier is removed to shorten a verse, what follows?
• What literary transformation links Abū Tammām and Abū al-Ṭayyib?
• What is the best evidence for judging a recasting inferior?
• What is central to the next category, ilmām?
• Which statement best defines the praiseworthy recasting?
• Who is the “murtād” in Abū Tammām’s verse?
• What motif does “lawlā mufāraqat al-aḥbāb” share with Abū Tammām?
• What merit may remain with the first poet when the later verse is equal?
• Borrowing wording while changing its arrangement is one form of ighārah and maskh.
• The later poem is necessarily more eloquent than the earlier one.
• Meaning preservation and effective expression matter when praising concision.
• Sallām’s “māta ghamman” intensifies the earlier idea of failure into severe grief.
• “Aʿdā al-zamān sakhāʾuhu” literally describes a medical contagion.
• The contextual time reference of “yakūnu” matters for interpretation.