In an original metaphor, a generic noun is borrowed, or a famous proper name is understood as a generic designation through its associated quality. A dependent metaphor involves a verb, derivative, or particle whose figurative use rests on an earlier meaning or relation.
Two key cases summarize the lesson:
“Naṭaqat al-ḥāl” applies the communicative action of speech to a situation's indications.
“Li-yakūna lahum ʿaduwwan wa ḥazanan” frames an unintended outcome through the grammar of purpose.
The next inquiry refines exactly where the initial figurative transfer occurs in dependent metaphors and how that relates to verbs, derivatives, and contextual clues.