Synthesis table: important semantic devices

Final Comprehensive Examination: Bayān, Badīʿ and Closing Arts

التقابل والتناسب والتعليل
Contrast, affinity, and imagined causation.

DeviceDiagnostic feature
ṬibāqA pair of opposing senses
MuqābalahOrdered parallel oppositions
Murāʿāt al-naẓīrAffinity of associated meanings
Laff wa-nashrTwo sequences matched by semantic pairing
Ḥusn al-taʿlīlImaginative, non-literal explanation
Reinforced praiseAn apparent exception revealing excellence

Examiners expect analysis of the arrangement and rhetorical effect, not an inflated number of labels.