Fasāḥat al-Kalām: Word Discord, Defective Construction, and Complexity

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which combination is required for utterance-level eloquence?
• What does the qualifier “together” explain?
• What is the prominent defect in the line about ʿarsh al-sharʿ?
• Which defect is illustrated by «وليس قرب قبر حرب قبر»?
• How do discord among words and discord among letters differ?
• Which condition is affected by mustashzir in «شعره مستشزر»?
• What is ḍaʿf al-taʾlīf?
• What is the antecedent of hāʾ in «جزى بنوه أبا الغيلان»?
• What kind of antecedent postponement occurs in the Sinimmār example?
• What is the syntactic role of «بنوه»?
• What role does «أبا الغيلان» have in the cited clause?
• Is a later word-order antecedent always a defective construction?
• What is the central issue in taʿqīd rather than defective construction?
• What commonly causes verbal taʿqīd?
• What makes the Jafakhtu poetic line difficult?
• What does «شيم» mean in the cited poem?
• Which distinction between verbal and semantic taʿqīd is correct?
• When is “tongues” defective in the king’s statement?
• Why is “he deployed his eyes” a clearer expression for spies?
• What causes an allusion to become semantically obscure?
• Why is the intended sense of the tears line difficult?
• Which is one reading of the poem about seeking distance?
• Why is combining eloquent words alone insufficient?
• What is the defect if syntax is correct but a remote metaphor hides the intended meaning?
• Utterance-level eloquence also requires its individual words to be eloquent.
• The difficulty of qurb qabr Ḥarb necessarily comes from semantic obscurity in each word.
• Defective construction centrally concerns departure from established grammatical rules.
• Every later word-order antecedent is defective, even if grammatically prior.
• Every metaphor or allusion constitutes semantic taʿqīd.
• The Jafakhtu line illustrates verbal complexity caused by displaced elements.